Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ): literate or not?
Orientalists’ claims The conclusion they try to reach is that the Prophet (ﷺ) was likely literate, and later Muslims exaggerated illiteracy for theological reasons. The issue is not simplistic Even academically, this is not settled. It’s a multi-layered debate, not an indisputably proven view either way. There are three possible positions: The Qur’anic evidence The…













